Gospels

Matthew. First quoted c. 90 (Didache); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Mark. First quoted c. 172 (Tatian); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Luke. First quoted c. 140 (2 Clement); every list accepts it from c. 182.
John. First quoted c. 172 (Tatian); every list accepts it from c. 182.

Acts. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.

Paul

Romans. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
1 Corinthians. First quoted c. 96 (Clement of Rome); every list accepts it from c. 182.
2 Corinthians. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Galatians. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Ephesians. First quoted c. 122 (Polycarp); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Philippians. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Colossians. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
1 Thessalonians. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
2 Thessalonians. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
1 Timothy. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
2 Timothy. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Titus. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 182.
Philemon. First quoted c. 209 (Tertullian); every list accepts it from c. 185.

Hebrews. First quoted c. 96 (Clement of Rome); every list accepts it from c. 363.

General letters

James. First quoted c. 367 (Athanasius); every list accepts it from c. 363.
1 Peter. First quoted c. 115 (Papias); every list accepts it from c. 182.
2 Peter. First quoted c. 367 (Athanasius); every list accepts it from c. 393.
1 John. First quoted c. 115 (Papias); every list accepts it from c. 182.
2 John. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 393.
3 John. First quoted c. 367 (Athanasius); every list accepts it from c. 393.
Jude. First quoted c. 206 (Clement of Alex.); every list accepts it from c. 393.

Revelation. First quoted c. 182 (Irenaeus); every list accepts it from c. 393.

AD 50–400

The dot is the first quotation. The bar starts where every later list accepts the book: long for the undisputed, a stub for those disputed into the 4th century.

Works

Names as scripture
Quotes
Alludes
Names
Disputes

Certain
Probable
Possible

Manuscripts

This book alone
With other books
Range of dates

Canon lists

Accepted
Disputed
Rejected
Not mentioned

Context

An event of the period; hover it for the story

Where it was known

0 places · 0 not placed

© OpenStreetMap contributors · Protomaps · © Mapterhorn, Copernicus DEM

© 2026 Todd Boteler ·

Canon list · council

Council of Hippo

393Hippo Regius

A regional North African council, attended by Augustine as a presbyter, which listed the 27 books as those to be read in church as divine scripture. Its decisions were binding only in Africa.

Dating

Held 8 October 393. The acts are lost; the canon survives in the 'Breviarium Hipponense', a summary read out at Carthage in 397.

Breviarium Hipponense, canon 36 (as read at Carthage, 397)

The 27 books

27 accepted

Gospels

Matthew: Accepted
Mark: Accepted
Luke: Accepted
John: Accepted

Acts

Acts: Accepted

Paul

Romans: Accepted
1 Corinthians: Accepted
2 Corinthians: Accepted
Galatians: Accepted
Ephesians: Accepted
Philippians: Accepted
Colossians: Accepted
1 Thessalonians: Accepted
2 Thessalonians: Accepted
1 Timothy: Accepted
2 Timothy: Accepted
Titus: Accepted
Philemon: Accepted

Hebrews

Hebrews: Accepted

General letters

James: Accepted
1 Peter: Accepted
2 Peter: Accepted
1 John: Accepted
2 John: Accepted
3 John: Accepted
Jude: Accepted

Revelation

Revelation: Accepted

Accepted
Disputed
Rejected
Not mentioned

Notes on the books

Hebrews (accepted): Worded as 'thirteen epistles of the apostle Paul, one of the same to the Hebrews', keeping Hebrews somewhat separate.

© 2026 Todd Boteler ··